The noun markup is derived from the traditional publishing practice called "marking up" a manuscript, which involves adding handwritten annotations in the form of conventional symbolic printer's instructions - in the margins and the text of a paper or a printed manuscript.įor centuries, this task was done primarily by skilled typographers known as "markup men" or "d markers" who marked up text to indicate what typeface, style, and size should be applied to each part, and then passed the manuscript to others for typesetting by hand or machine. Furthermore, markup for human-readable texts must maintain order: it would not suffice to make each paragraph of a book into a "paragraph" record, where those records do not maintain order. This is quite different structurally from traditional databases, where it is by definition impossible to have data that is within a record but not within any field. One extremely important characteristic of most markup languages is that they allow intermingling markup with document content such as text and pictures.įor example, if a few words in a sentence need to be emphasized, or identified as a proper name, defined term, or another special item, the markup may be inserted between the characters of the sentence. That is, SGML and XML allow designers to specify particular schemas, which determine which elements, attributes, and other features are permitted, and where. HTML, like DocBook, Open eBook, JATS, and many others, is based on the markup meta-languages SGML and XML. Some markup languages, such as the widely used HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics, meaning that their specifications prescribe some aspects of how to present the structured data on particular media. With the expectation that technology, such as stylesheets, will be used to apply formatting or other processing. ScribeĪnd most modern markup languages, such as XML, identify document components (for example headings, paragraphs, and tables), Older markup languages, which typically focus on typography and presentation, include Troff, TeX, and LaTeX. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of paper manuscripts (i.e., the revision instructions by editors), which is traditionally written with a red pen or blue pencil on authors' manuscripts. How it is combined with the content of the document in a way to facilitate use by humans and computer programs. Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its contentĪ markup language is a set of rules governing what markup information may be included in a document and The markup can be converted programmatically for display into, for example, HTML, PDF or Rich Text Format.Ī markup language is a text-encoding system consisting of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts. With a huge range of pens, nib sizes and everything from quills and ink to wax seals on offer, the old-fashioned values of Manuscript have translated into a modern, whimsical range, which nevertheless prizes quality and artisan craftsmanship.Example of RecipeBook, a simple markup language based on XML for creating recipes. Manuscript’s diverse range – which includes gift sets for budding and expert calligraphers – has something for every writer. Since then, ancestors in the family business have become penmakers to European kings, helped create the modern ballpoint pen and written books on pen manufacture. They’ve been making their pens in the West Midlands since Diedrich Leonardt set up a nib workshop in Birmingham in 1856. While they are now at the forefront of calligraphy and creative penmanship materials, Manuscript also have the manufacturing history to back it up. With the trend for modern calligraphy on the rise, the company’s beautiful sets make perfect gifts for creative friends and family, while their modern calligraphy markers allow you to practise your ascenders and descenders with ease. Since 1856, British brand Manuscript have been producing calligraphy pens that have won the trust of artists, authors and writers worldwide – so much so, they’ve become known as ‘The Calligraphy Company’.
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